đź‘Ş Family-based immigration is one of the most common ways to get a green card in the U.S. The system divides applicants into categories based on their relationship to the sponsoring relative, which determines wait times and eligibility.
This article breaks down these categories to help you understand where you fit and what to expect.
Immediate Relatives vs. Family Preference Categories
Immediate Relatives (No Annual Limit)
-
Spouses of U.S. citizens
-
Unmarried children under 21 of U.S. citizens
-
Parents of U.S. citizens (if sponsor is 21 or older)
Family Preference Categories (Annual Limits Apply)
| Category | Who Qualifies | Wait Time Estimate |
|---|---|---|
| F1 | Unmarried adult children of U.S. citizens (21+) | 7–8 years |
| F2A | Spouses and minor children of green card holders | 2–3 years |
| F2B | Unmarried adult children of green card holders | 7–8 years |
| F3 | Married adult children of U.S. citizens | 12+ years |
| F4 | Siblings of U.S. citizens | 14+ years |
How Priority Dates Work
📅 Each family petition receives a priority date which determines the applicant’s place in line.
🗓️ When the Visa Bulletin shows the priority date as “current,” applicants can proceed with their green card application.
Special Considerations
-
Widow(er)s of U.S. citizens may qualify under special rules.
-
Orphans and adopted children have separate procedures.
-
Derivative beneficiaries (spouses and children) can apply with the principal applicant.
How BorderlessLawyers Helps
-
Evaluate your category and eligibility
-
Prepare and file petitions (I-130)
-
Guide through visa bulletin and wait times
-
Assist with Adjustment of Status or Consular Processing
-
Support waivers and overcoming inadmissibility
FAQs
Q: Can a green card holder sponsor siblings?
No, only U.S. citizens can sponsor siblings.
Q: Can wait times change?
Yes, visa availability fluctuates monthly based on demand and country caps.
Q: What if my priority date is not current?
You must wait until it becomes current before applying for a green card.
Plan Your Family Immigration with Confidence
Family reunification is the heart of U.S. immigration. BorderlessLawyers provides the expert legal help to navigate these categories and timelines smoothly.