📝 Article Content
🏛️ Introduction
Are you a foreigner or business facing a legal dispute in Madrid? Whether it’s a property issue, contract breach, or civil conflict, understanding how to file a lawsuit in Madrid is crucial to protecting your rights. In this guide, we explain the process, timelines, and what to expect in court — all tailored to non-Spanish residents.
⚖️ 1. Can a Foreigner File a Lawsuit in Madrid?
Yes. Spanish law allows non-residents, expats, and foreign companies to initiate legal proceedings in Madrid courts. Common litigation cases include:
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Property disputes
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Contract breaches
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Debt recovery
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Inheritance conflicts
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Civil or commercial damages
➡️ If you’re not a Spanish national, you’ll need:
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A Spanish lawyer (abogado)
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NIE number (Foreigner Identification Number)
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Legal address for notifications (domicilio legal)
📝 2. Required Documents to File a Lawsuit
To file a demanda (lawsuit), you will need:
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Your identification (passport + NIE)
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Power of attorney (if your lawyer represents you)
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Evidence and contracts
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Expert reports (if applicable)
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Civil registry certificates (for inheritance/family claims)
📌 Tip: Use an apoderado (representative via power of attorney) if you live outside Spain.
⏱️ 3. Timeline of a Lawsuit in Madrid
| Step | Timeframe |
|---|---|
| Lawyer drafts claim (demanda) | 1–3 weeks |
| Court accepts the claim | 1–2 months |
| Defendant responds | 20 business days |
| Preliminary hearing | 2–4 months later |
| Final hearing & judgment | 6–12 months total |
🔔 Appeals may add another 6–12 months.
⚖️ 4. Which Court Handles Your Case?
In Madrid, your lawsuit will fall under:
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Juzgado de Primera Instancia (First Instance Court) – Civil disputes
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Juzgado de lo Mercantil – Commercial litigation
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Juzgado de lo Contencioso-Administrativo – If suing a public body
📍 Courts are located across several districts. Your case is assigned based on jurisdiction and subject matter.
👨💼 5. Why You Need a Spanish Litigation Lawyer
Foreign plaintiffs are required to be represented by:
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Abogado (litigation lawyer)
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Procurador (mandatory legal agent for court notifications)
A local lawyer ensures:
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Your case complies with Spanish procedural law
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Deadlines and filings are handled properly
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Expert negotiation or settlement opportunities
💡 Need help finding a trusted English-speaking lawyer in Madrid? Borderless Lawyers can help.
📩 Conclusion & Call to Action
If you’re planning to file a lawsuit in Madrid, don’t navigate the process alone. An experienced local litigation lawyer can make all the difference — from preparing your claim to defending your rights in court.
👉 Need legal help filing a lawsuit in Madrid?
Contact Borderless Lawyers for expert litigation support tailored to expats and foreign investors.